Georgia special warranty deed

What a special warranty deed does in Georgia

A special warranty deed, also called a limited warranty deed or a covenant deed in some states and a grant deed in California, sits between a quitclaim and a general warranty deed. The grantor promises they did nothing during their own ownership to damage the title, and nothing more. Anything that happened before they bought the property is the buyer's risk. Estates, trustees, banks, and builders commonly use it.

In Georgia this deed is usually called a limited warranty deed. Georgia implies no warranty of title in a sale (O.C.G.A. § 44-5-61), so the deed's own covenant is the whole promise: the grantor warrants the title only against claims arising by, through, or under the grantor.

The Georgia law behind this deed

Georgia has no section written specifically for special warranty deeds. The instrument runs on the general conveyancing and recording statutes below, which is why the requirements here look like those for any other deed in the state.

When Georgia homeowners use a special warranty deed

• Sell a property you inherited or hold as trustee
• Convey a property you have owned only briefly
• Transfer commercial or investment property
• Give a buyer more protection than a quitclaim without accepting unlimited exposure

What Georgia requires on the deed

These are the execution and formatting rules superior court clerks enforce. Getting any of them wrong is the usual reason a deed comes back in the mail.

How to complete and record it in Georgia

1. 1Find your current deedYou need the legal description from it, word for word. If you can't find your copy, the Clerk of Superior Court can provide one, usually for a few dollars.
2. 2Identify everyone by full legal nameNames must match the current deed and government ID exactly, middle names included. A mismatch creates a gap in the chain of title that shows up years later at closing.
3. 3Complete the deedIt needs the wording, notary certificate, and 3-inch first-page margin used for Georgia deeds. You can prepare your own deed, or a Georgia attorney can prepare it for you.
4. 4Sign in front of a notaryBring photo ID and 1 witness. Wait to sign until you are in front of the notary and the witnesses, who must see you sign.
5. 5Complete Form PT-61 Real Estate Transfer Tax Declaration (filed electronically)Georgia requires this alongside the deed, including for exempt transfers. Your filing packet explains which boxes apply to your situation.
6. 6E-file it with the Clerk of Superior CourtGeorgia requires you to e-file. Since January 1, 2025, anyone who is a party to a deed and records it personally must file it electronically through the Clerks' Authority portal, efile.gsccca.org (O.C.G.A. § 44-2-2(d)). The clerk will not accept your paper deed at the counter or by mail. Register at efile.gsccca.org first: the portal verifies your identity, including a government-issued photo ID, before you can file. Then upload a scan of the signed deed to the county where the property is located and pay the fee online. Keep the signed paper original.
7. 7Update insurance and tax recordsA change of ownership can affect your homeowner's policy, your homestead or senior exemption, and in some states the assessed value. Do this within a few weeks.

What it costs in Georgia

Georgia charges a real estate transfer tax of $1.00 per $1,000 of consideration (first $1,000 is $1.00, then $0.10 per additional $100).

Exemptions that commonly apply to a transfer like this: deeds of gift, for which nothing is paid (§ 48-6-2(a)(2)), including adding a spouse to the title for no payment, transfers between spouses in connection with a divorce case (§ 48-6-2(a)(5)), transfers to a company or other entity you majority-own (§ 48-6-2(a)(11)), transfers to or from a trustee or other fiduciary for no consideration (§ 48-6-2(a)(9)), and deeds correcting an error in a prior deed, when nothing is paid. You have to claim the exemption. The recorder won't apply it for you.

Where to record it in Georgia

Georgia deeds are recorded with the Clerk of Superior Court in the county where the property sits, not where you live. There are 159 counties in Georgia.

Georgia requires you to e-file. Since January 1, 2025, anyone who is a party to a deed and records it personally must file it electronically through the Clerks' Authority portal, efile.gsccca.org (O.C.G.A. § 44-2-2(d)). The clerk will not accept your paper deed at the counter or by mail.

Recording offices we cover in Georgia: Fulton, Gwinnett, Cobb, DeKalb, Chatham, Clayton, Cherokee, Forsyth, Henry, Richmond. See all Georgia recording offices.

What a special warranty deed does NOT do

Being honest about the limits is more useful than a sales pitch. Every one of these catches somebody out.

• Defects that predate your ownership are not covered. The buyer bears that risk.
• It does not substitute for a title search or an owner's title insurance policy.
• It transfers ownership immediately and cannot be revoked.
• Some purchase contracts specifically require a general warranty deed; check yours before using this one.

Quirks of Georgia law that catch people out

• Georgia deeds need TWO signatures besides the grantor's: one unofficial witness and one notary. A notary alone is not enough.
• Georgia requires you to e-file your own deed through efile.gsccca.org, after the portal verifies your identity with a government-issued photo ID (O.C.G.A. § 44-2-2(d)). Every clerk's office has a public computer terminal for it (§ 44-2-2(e)).
• A PT-61 transfer tax declaration must be filed electronically before a deed is recorded, even for an exempt gift. The one exception is a transfer-on-death deed, which must be recorded without one (O.C.G.A. § 44-17-2(a)(7)).
• Georgia has no tenancy by the entirety. A deed to a married couple makes them tenants in common unless it expressly says "joint tenants with survivorship" (O.C.G.A. § 44-6-190(a)(2)). Choose joint tenancy with right of survivorship if you want the survivor to take the whole property.
• Georgia only got transfer-on-death deeds on July 1, 2024, so most guidance written before then says it has none. It does.
• After the owner dies, each Georgia TOD beneficiary must sign an acceptance affidavit. It confirms the death, states whether the beneficiary was married to the owner, and gives the deed book and page of the TOD deed and the legal description. The beneficiary attaches a copy of the death certificate and records the affidavit with a PT-61 at the clerk of superior court. Ownership passes only when that affidavit is recorded (O.C.G.A. § 44-17-2(c)-(e)). The nine-month deadline in the 2024 law was repealed on April 22, 2026, but beneficiaries should not wait. Until they accept, the estate's personal representative can pay the mortgage, taxes and urgent repairs and take a lien for them. If the estate is insolvent and foreclosure is imminent, the representative can sell the property (§ 44-17-2(g)).
• Georgia is a title theory state and uses a Security Deed rather than a mortgage.

How to hold title in Georgia

When two or more people take title in Georgia and the deed says nothing more, the law presumes a tenancy in common, which means no automatic survivorship. If you want the survivor to take the whole property, the words have to be on the deed. Forms of co-ownership available in Georgia: joint tenancy with right of survivorship and tenancy in common.