West Virginia special warranty deed
Here is what West Virginia actually requires on a special warranty deed. The witness rules, the notary block, the margins, the forms that have to travel with it, and where to record it, plus what the deed does and does not do.
- Recording office
- County Clerk
- Witnesses
- Notary only
- Transfer tax
- $1.65 to $3.85 per $500 of value
- First-page margin
- 3″ top
- Recording fee
- $32 up to 5 pages
- E-recording
- Approved submitters
What a special warranty deed does in West Virginia
A special warranty deed, also called a limited warranty deed or a covenant deed in some states and a grant deed in California, sits between a quitclaim and a general warranty deed. The grantor promises they did nothing during their own ownership to damage the title, and nothing more. Anything that happened before they bought the property is the buyer's risk. Estates, trustees, banks, and builders commonly use it.
The West Virginia law behind this deed
West Virginia has no section written specifically for special warranty deeds. The instrument runs on the general conveyancing and recording statutes below, which is why the requirements here look like those for any other deed in the state.
| What it governs | Citation |
|---|---|
| Conveyances generally | W. Va. Code § 36-1-1 |
| Recording with the County Clerk | W. Va. Code § 39-1-2 |
| Transfer tax | W. Va. Code § 11-22-2 |
When West Virginia property owners use a special warranty deed
- Sell a property you inherited or hold as trustee
- Convey a property you have owned only briefly
- Transfer commercial or investment property
- Give a buyer more protection than a quitclaim without accepting unlimited exposure
What West Virginia requires on the deed
These are the execution and formatting rules county clerks enforce. Getting any of them wrong is the usual reason a deed comes back in the mail.
| Requirement | What West Virginia says |
|---|---|
| Recording office | County Clerk |
| Notarization | Required. Each signer must appear before the notary and acknowledge the signature. Signing in front of the notary is the safest practice. |
| Witnesses | None required. A notarial acknowledgment is enough. |
| Legal description | Required, copied exactly from the prior recorded deed. A street address is not sufficient. |
| Grantee's address | Printed on the deed. The Sales Listing Form also needs the new owner's mailing address and the address for tax statements. |
| Return address | Include a 'when recorded, return to' block so the original comes back to you. Deedly always prints one. |
| Preparer statement | Required. The county clerk will not record a deed unless it ends with the name of the person who prepared it, for example "This instrument was prepared by Ada Owner" (W. Va. Code § 39-1-2a). Deedly prints it as the last line of the deed. |
| Grantee signature | Required on a quitclaim deed or any deed given for no payment on which no transfer tax is paid, unless it is between spouses, parent and child, or grandparent and grandchild. A deed recorded without it is void (W. Va. Code § 39-1-2(b)(2)). Not required on a transfer-on-death deed. Deedly prints a signature line and acknowledgment for each grantee on every deed not given for a price. |
| Prior deed reference | Required in practice. West Virginia deeds recite where the grantor got title (the "And Being" clause): the deed it came by, from whom, and that deed's book and page. Jefferson County will not record a deed without it, and the Sales Listing Form that goes with every deed asks for the same book and page (W. Va. Code § 11-22-6). Deedly prints the clause below the legal description. |
| Page setup | 8.5 × 11 in, 3-inch clear space at the top of page one, 1-inch margins elsewhere, nothing under 10pt. This is the profile Deedly applies. |
| Accompanying form | Sales Listing Form (State Tax Commissioner form STC 12:39), with every deed. The county clerk may not record a deed without a completed one (W. Va. Code § 11-22-6). |
| Also required | West Virginia requires a deed that is subject to the transfer tax to end with a declaration of its price or value, signed by the grantor, the grantee, or another person familiar with the transaction (W. Va. Code § 11-22-6). A deed claimed to be exempt must say why instead (110 CSR 22 § 6.1). |
West Virginia requires a reference to your prior deed
West Virginia deeds recite where the grantor got title (the "And Being" clause): the deed it came by, from whom, and that deed's book and page. Jefferson County will not record a deed without it, and the Sales Listing Form that goes with every deed asks for the same book and page (W. Va. Code § 11-22-6). Deedly prints the clause below the legal description.
The grantee must sign too, unless it is a close-family transfer
Since July 11, 2025, a West Virginia county clerk may not record a quitclaim deed given for no payment, or another deed given for no payment on which no transfer tax is paid, unless each grantee also signs it and acknowledges the signature before a notary. A deed recorded without it is void (W. Va. Code § 39-1-2(b)(2)). The only exceptions are a transfer-on-death deed and a transfer between spouses, between parent and child, or between grandparent and grandchild (including the child's or grandchild's spouse). Deedly prints a signature line and acknowledgment for each grantee on every West Virginia deed not given for a price.
How to complete and record it in West Virginia
- Find your current deedYou need the legal description from it, word for word. If you can't find your copy, the County Clerk can provide one, usually for a few dollars.
- Identify everyone by full legal nameNames must match the current deed and government ID exactly, middle names included. A mismatch creates a gap in the chain of title that shows up years later at closing.
- Complete the deedDeedly builds it with the wording, notary certificate, and 3-inch first-page margin used for West Virginia deeds.
- Sign in front of a notaryBring photo ID. Wait to sign until you are in front of the notary: you have to appear before the notary anyway, and signing there leaves no question about who signed.
- Have each grantee sign too, unless it is a saleEach grantee signs the deed before a notary, on the signature line and acknowledgment Deedly prints for them. It is required unless the transfer is between spouses, parent and child, or grandparent and grandchild, and a deed recorded without it is void (W. Va. Code § 39-1-2(b)(2)).
- Complete the Sales Listing Form (STC 12:39)The county clerk will not record the deed without it (W. Va. Code § 11-22-6). Get it from tax.wv.gov or the clerk's office. Your filing packet lists the answers from your deed.
- Record it with the County ClerkFile in the county where the property is located and pay the recording fee. Many offices in this state also accept e-recording, but usually only from approved submitters such as title companies. Keep the stamped receipt. It fixes your priority date.
- Update insurance and tax recordsA change of ownership can affect your homeowner's policy, your homestead or senior exemption, and in some states the assessed value. Do this within a few weeks.
What it costs in West Virginia
| Cost | Typical amount |
|---|---|
| Recording fee | $32 for up to 5 pages |
| Transfer tax | Excise tax on privilege of transferring real property: $1.65 to $3.85 per $500 of value, depending on the county: $1.10 set by state law (kept by the county since July 1, 2025), plus a county excise tax of $0.55 to $1.65, plus up to $1.10 more in counties with a farmland protection program (Cabell County charges $2.75 per $500) |
| Notary | A West Virginia notary may charge at most $10 per signature (W. Va. Code § 39-4-30(a)). |
| Deedly | $49, one time (launch price, regular $69) |
| Attorney (for comparison) | $150–$700 for the same statutory document |
West Virginia charges an excise tax on privilege of transferring real property of $1.65 to $3.85 per $500 of value, depending on the county: $1.10 set by state law (kept by the county since July 1, 2025), plus a county excise tax of $0.55 to $1.65, plus up to $1.10 more in counties with a farmland protection program (Cabell County charges $2.75 per $500). Customarily paid by the grantor. The county sets part of the rate, so ask your county clerk for the current rate. Unless one of West Virginia's exemptions applies, a gift is taxed on the property's actual value, and since June 12, 2026 so is a quitclaim deed given for no payment (W. Va. Code § 11-22-1).
Exemptions that commonly apply to a transfer like this: transfers between spouses, transfers without consideration between parent and child or grandparent and grandchild (including the child's or grandchild's spouse) or between siblings (stepchildren and adopted children count), transfers into a testamentary or inter vivos trust, transfers without consideration to or from an LLC wholly owned by the grantor or the grantor's trust, transfers under a divorce property division (W. Va. Code § 48-7-109), corrective or confirmatory deeds without consideration, property worth $1,000 or less (assessed value divided by 0.60), and transfer-on-death deeds (W. Va. Code § 36-12-9(3)). You have to claim the exemption. The recorder won't apply it for you.
Where to record it in West Virginia
West Virginia deeds are recorded with the County Clerk in the county where the property sits, not where you live. There are 55 counties in West Virginia.
Many West Virginia recording offices accept e-recording through vendors such as Simplifile, CSC, or ePN. E-recording is generally open only to approved submitters such as title companies, attorneys, and lenders, so if you prepared the deed yourself, plan to record in person or by mail. Some offices accept filings from the public through those vendors; your county's website will say.
Recording offices we cover in West Virginia: Kanawha, Berkeley, Monongalia, Cabell, Wood, Jefferson. See all West Virginia recording offices.
What a special warranty deed does NOT do
Being honest about the limits is more useful than a sales pitch. Every one of these catches somebody out.
- Defects that predate your ownership are not covered. The buyer bears that risk.
- It does not substitute for a title search or an owner's title insurance policy.
- It transfers ownership immediately and cannot be revoked.
- Some purchase contracts specifically require a general warranty deed; check yours before using this one.
Quirks of West Virginia law that catch people out
- Since July 11, 2025, a quitclaim deed or other deed given for no payment, on which no transfer tax is paid, must also be signed by each grantee and acknowledged before a notary, unless it is between spouses, parent and child, or grandparent and grandchild. A deed recorded without it is void (W. Va. Code § 39-1-2(b)(2)).
- Every deed needs a completed Sales Listing Form (STC 12:39), and the deed itself must state its price or value, or why it is exempt from transfer tax.
- The deed should state the tax district and where the grantor got title (the "And Being" clause, with the prior deed's book and page). Jefferson County will not record a deed without them.
- The deed must end with the name of the person who prepared it ("This instrument was prepared by ...") (W. Va. Code § 39-1-2a).
- The transfer tax rate depends on the county: from $1.65 to $3.85 per $500 of price or value. Ask your county clerk for its rate.
- West Virginia has a statutory transfer-on-death deed (W. Va. Code § 36-12-1 et seq.). A lady bird deed rests on the general rule in § 36-1-16 instead of a statute of its own, so the transfer-on-death deed is the safer choice.
How to hold title in West Virginia
When two or more people take title in West Virginia and the deed says nothing more, the law presumes a tenancy in common, which means no automatic survivorship. If you want the survivor to take the whole property, the words have to be on the deed. Forms of co-ownership available in West Virginia: joint tenancy with right of survivorship and tenancy in common.
Married couples
West Virginia law removes automatic survivorship between co-owners, married or not: they hold as tenants in common unless the deed plainly says the survivor takes the whole (W. Va. Code §§ 36-1-19, 36-1-20). A married couple who want survivorship must say so on the deed.
$49, one time. Your finished deed appears in full before you pay, with West Virginia's witness rules, margins, and recording instructions already applied.
Common questions
No. West Virginia has no requirement that an attorney prepare a deed. What matters is the correct statutory language, an accurate legal description, proper notarization, and recording with the County Clerk. Deedly produces all of that for $49, versus roughly $150–$700 for an attorney to draft the same document. If ownership is disputed, the current owner has died without probate, or the transfer is tax-sensitive, use an attorney.
Expect $32 for up to 5 pages. West Virginia also charges excise tax on privilege of transferring real property of $1.65 to $3.85 per $500 of value, depending on the county: $1.10 set by state law (kept by the county since July 1, 2025), plus a county excise tax of $0.55 to $1.65, plus up to $1.10 more in counties with a farmland protection program (Cabell County charges $2.75 per $500), though transfers between spouses, and transfers without consideration between parent and child, grandparent and grandchild, or siblings, are exempt, and a gift to anyone else is taxed on the property's actual value (W. Va. Code § 11-22-1). Set by state law and the same in every county: $30 to record a deed (W. Va. Code § 59-1-10(a)(1)) plus a $2 records preservation fee (§ 5A-8-15(h)), $32 for a deed of up to five pages. A document of more than five pages also pays $1 for each additional page (§ 59-1-10(a)(7)); the statute does not say which page that counts from, so ask your county clerk. A transfer for consideration, such as a sale, also pays a $20 Affordable Housing Fund fee (§ 11-22-2(a)). A deed printed on both sides or in type under 10 point is recorded at one and one-half times the fee (§ 39-1-11).
No. West Virginia requires only that the grantor's signature be acknowledged before a notary public. Forms that show witness lines are usually generic templates borrowed from another state.
With the County Clerk in the county where the property is located, not where you live, and not where the buyer lives. West Virginia has 55 counties. Many offices in this state also accept e-recording, but usually only from approved submitters such as title companies.
No, and this is the single most common misunderstanding about deeds. A deed changes who owns the property. The mortgage is a separate contract with the lender, and only a refinance or a written release from the lender removes a borrower. Someone can be off the deed and still fully liable on the loan.
Keep reading
- West Virginia quitclaim deedTransfers whatever interest you have in a property, with no promises about the title.
- West Virginia general warranty deedTransfers ownership with the strongest title guarantees the law allows.
- West Virginia transfer-on-death deedNames who inherits your property, skips probate, and changes nothing while you're alive.
- West Virginia lady bird deedAn enhanced life estate deed: you keep total control for life, and the property passes automatically at death.
- All deed rules for West VirginiaRecording offices, transfer tax, witness rules, and fees.
- West Virginia recording officesWhere to file in each county.
Deedly is not a law firm
Its software and documents are not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. We provide self-help software and state-specific deed forms; you make your own decisions about your property. Using Deedly does not create an attorney-client relationship, and nothing here is legal advice. If your situation is complex or contested, talk to a licensed attorney in your state.